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The Influence Mechanism of Molar Ratio on the Performance …
Comprising a relatively large amount of industrial solid waste, the high-value utilization of phosphogypsum (PG) is closely related to the sustainable development of resource materials and the protection of the ecological environment. PG can improve some of the shortcomings of geopolymers, but there is a lack of systematic research on the …
Phosphogypsum | Encyclopedia MDPI
The current growth rate of phosphogypsum is estimated at 200 million tons per year, with a mass utilization rate of 10–15% according to the most optimistic forecasts. ... The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency prohibits the use of phosphogypsum because of its radioactivity. For example, phosphogypsum from …
Phosphogypsum: potential uses and problems – …
Abstract. Phosphogypsum (PG: CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O) is a waste product generated by the phosphate industry. World production of this waste exceeds 200 million tonnes per year. PG, discharged into the …
Application of phosphogypsum in soilization: a review
Phosphogypsum is the most significant industrial solid waste in the world. Phosphogypsum has a complex composition and its traditional storage methods occupy large areas of land and also damage the environment. Currently, phosphogypsum is mainly used for the direct preparation of construction materials and chemical auxiliary …
Phosphogypsum Recycling: A Review of …
Under the proposed integrated biochemical approach, the use of various bioprocesses of phosphogypsum recovery from waste dumps and implementation of new biotechnological solutions for …
A systematic review of phosphogypsum recycling industry …
1. Introduction. Phosphogypsum (PG) is the major by-product of the wet phosphoric acid industry (Li et al., 2023), which is primarily composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, along with some impurities including soluble phosphorus, fluorine, and heavy metals (Ou et al., 2023).Approximately 4–5 tons of PG are generated from the …
Phosphogypsum-based building materials: Resource …
Phosphogypsum (PG) is a major industrial waste emitted during phosphate production. Facing the environmentally risky challenges posed by PG emissions and stockpiles, a review of the state of PG resource utilization in civil engineering and searching for new ways to utilize PG to improve the utilization rate are necessary. Therefore, this …
REE content of phosphogypsum from Romania
Phosphogypsum is a technogenic product remaining after the extraction of phosphoric acid from raw phosphate, mainly apatite. The original phosphate rock contains large amounts of REE, mainly replacing Ca from apatite …
Recycling phosphogypsum in road construction materials …
Phosphogypsum is usually a yellowish-white, light greyish-white or dark grey fine powdery solid. The main component of PG is CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O, which accounts for more than 90% of its total composition. In addition, PG contains phosphorus, fluorine, organic matters and other impurities (e.g. heavy metal elements and nuclides) (Rashad, …
Environmental Characteristics of By-Product Gypsum
In the United States, phosphogypsum is currently being produced at a rate of 54 million Mg (60 million tons) per year. Long-term projections indicate that more than 1.4 billion Mg (1.54 ... and fluorogypsum crystals are mainly calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaS04·2H20) with the presence of other minor elements. Morpho ...
Exploring the potential reuse of phosphogypsum: A waste or …
Phosphogypsum (PG), the main industrial by-product of phosphate fertilizer industry, primarily consists of calcium sulfate dihydrate. However, it contains various …
Preparation of gypsum with high purity and whiteness from phosphogypsum …
The currently applied methods for impurity removal from phosphogypsum mainly eliminate the influence of phosphorus and fluorine impurities on gypsum-building materials 6,7,8,9,10.
Resources | Free Full-Text | The Use of Phosphogypsum as a …
Only 15% of all phosphogypsum produced in the world is recycled; the remaining volume is stored or dumped into water reservoirs, which causes significant damage to the environment [].In this connection, the search for ways to use PG as a resource for the production of gypsum binders is a promised trend that will solve the …
Phosphogypsum: potential uses and problems – a …
Phosphogypsum could be used as a substitute of natural gypsum in the production of Portland cement to control the hydration reaction rate of cement. In this study, raw...
Phosphogypsum Recycling: A Review of Environmental Issues, Current …
The phosphogypsum (factory .Over 6 million tons of PG is produced per annum in India and poses various environmental and storage problems. Out of these some quantities are utilized for of production of ammonium sulphate and few for other uses, there is accumulated stock of PG) is the industrial waste by-product produced in various …
Phosphogypsum: Sustainable Management and Use
This report is addressing rapidly changing scientific, regulatory and policy perspectives concerning phosphogypsum (PG) management and use worldwide. It has been authored and reviewed by many of the world's top experts on PG from academia, international agencies and representatives of IFA's own member companies. The report …
Effective and innovative procedures to use phosphogypsum …
Phosphogypsum (PG) waste is a by-product generated from wet-process phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4) manufacturing during phosphate rock decomposition.Worldwide, the annual production of PG ranges between 100 and 300 million tons, with only a few quantities utilized in several application domains (about 15%), the …
Phosphogypsum: Properties and Potential Use in Agriculture
Determine the physical, chemical, and radioactive properties of phosphogypsum. Discuss the uses of phosphogypsum in agriculture as a fertilizer, amendment to degraded soils, …
Collaborative Utilization Status of Red Mud and …
Currently, in China, red mud is mainly used in the con-struction, agriculture, and chemical industries (Fig. 2). On ... cle size of phosphogypsum is mainly in the range of 0.005–0.075 mm, and 71.9% of the particles are smaller than 0.075 mm, indicating that the overall particle size of ...
Sustainable Utilization of Phosphogypsum in Multi-Solid …
This study contributes to sustainable construction practices by exploring the use of phosphogypsum, a commonly discarded byproduct, in the production of recycled aggregates. Addressing both environmental and economic aspects of sustainability, we investigate the feasibility of employing phosphogypsum as a primary raw material, in …
Application of phosphogypsum in soilization: a review
Phosphogypsum can be used as a conditioner to improve the physical and chemical characteristics of soil, delay soil degradation, and passivate heavy metals to …
An efficient methodology to use hydrolysate of phosphogypsum …
There is an urgent need to find new, improved ways to reduce CO2 emissions and treat phosphogypsum (PG) waste. This research proposes an energy-efficient methodology for the production of pure ...
Phosphogypsum circular economy considerations: A critical …
Phosphate rock is a mineral resource that contains phosphorus and is used as the raw material for the production of phosphoric acid, which is a key ingredient in fertilizer. It is mainly found in marine sedimentary deposits, igneous rocks, and guano.
Phosphogypsum production and utilization in China
Phosphogypsum (PG) is a radioactive industrial by-product produced in large quantities when processing phosphate ores into fertilizers. With rapid growth of high concentration phosphate and compound fertilizers production in China, PG production is increasing every year. Phosphogypsum is usually stored in such a way that it not only …
Phosphogypsum Recycling: A Review of …
Five clusters were formed: a red cluster-phosphogypsum recycling in the construction industry; green cluster-radiation pollution problem of phosphogypsum and phosphate fertilizers; yellow cluster ...
Phosphogypsum circular economy considerations: A critical …
Phosphogypsum (PG) is the primary byproduct generated during the production of phosphoric acid, an intermediate product in phosphate fertilizer production, from calcium phosphate (apatite) ore. ... It is mainly found in marine sedimentary deposits, igneous rocks, and guano. Approximately 75% of the global phosphate resources come …
TENORM: Fertilizer and Fertilizer Production Wastes | US EPA
The greatest use of phosphogypsum is in agricultural applications. Researchers proposing new uses must file an application with EPA. Phosphogypsum has been used in agriculture as a source of calcium and sulfur for soils that are deficient in these elements. When the phosphogypsum is used as a fertilizer, it is simply spread …
The Impurity Removal and Comprehensive Utilization of Phosphogypsum…
Phosphogypsum (PG), a byproduct during the phosphoric acid production process, also known as the wet process, contains complex and diverse impurities, resulting in low utilization and considerable accumulation. This leads to a massive waste of land resources and a series of environmental pollution problems. Given the current urgent …
Phosphogypsum | US EPA
Phosphogypsum is a solid waste byproduct from processing phosphate ore to make phosphoric acid that is later used in fertilizer. Phosphogypsum contains radium, …
Recycling phosphogypsum in road construction materials …
Phosphogypsum mainly consists of silt-sized gypsum crystals. These gypsum crystals are softly aggregated, ... Currently, researchers mostly use inorganic acids as leaching agents to leach REEs in PG. Strong acids, such as nitric acid and sulfuric acid, have attracted the attention of researchers because of their high leaching and …
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